CV: software professional Essay

To achieve excellence in working as a software professional offering solutions to business using the best available technology where my analytical abilities , programming quest are used to maximum for growth of the organisation and to grow with the organisation. Professional Qualification: Bachelor of Chemical Engineering from Regional Engg. College, Durgapur, India(1992-96). Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Applications from MCA APEL,India (1996-97). Professional Summary: A Web applications developer with over 5 years experience in software development, primarily using Java related technologies. Have been involved in requirement gathering, system analysis, design and development phases of software development life cycle. Technical strengths include distributed application architecture design, object-oriented analysis and coding (Java), database design and coding, and general dynamic web programming(EJB, Servlets, JSP, XML) I am a good team player possessing Excellent Communication and Inter-personal skills, and a quick learner. Developed an Order Entry System for providing our customers an online application to search and order more 22,000 products offered. Multi-tier architecture was implemented for developing this enterprise level application to guarantee reliable and secure service. WebLogic was used as the application server and Oracle as our database. EJB2. 0 was the middle tier between the front end and the backend Oracle database. 4. Project Title : eOrgMan Environment : JAVA, JSP, Oracle, JavaScript, HTML Role : Coding, design and testing. Description : Java based web-enabled Organizational Management software to facilitate easy day-to-day maintenance of any organization of any size. Some of its features include Time-Management of employees, Leave Management, Salary Calculator, Query based employee information, Sales Tracking system etc. Any specialized function of an organization can be customized for tracking, supports for Product/Project Management, and Bug Tracking system for Software organizations. 5. Project Title : Business Transaction Maintenance and & Report Mailing System Environment : JAVA, JSP, Oracle Role : Design and coding. Description : The project keeps track of all the business transactions of PolyCab Cables such as Introduction letter, Enquiry, Quotation, Orders, Bills and Payments. Daily each representative reports the status of the proposed projects,pending quotations, orders and payments to the branch office and the branch office in turn sends this consolidated weekly report to head office through mail. Reports are generated to estimate the total sales of a cable representative wise, dealer wise, cable wise and about the payments receivable. 6. Project Title : Time Reporting and Tracking System Environment : JAVA, JSP, Oracle Role : Coding. Description : The Time Report and Tracking System Project is WEB-based to allow flexible reporting and data extraction .

Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence Essay

The book ‘Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence’ that is written by Doris Pilkington is about three aboriginal half-cast girls that run away from The Moore River Native Settlement. At the settlement aboriginal half-cast children are kept and tried to be changed into white people so they can be respected in the community. The book is set in Western Australia in the early 1900’s. ‘This free-Spirited girl knew that she and her sisters must escape from this place,’ is true, she shows her persistence, determination and is toughness. A half-cast child was an aboriginal with an aboriginal mother but a white father. The persistence Molly shows during the book is incredible for a fourteen year old to have to acts as the mother to the other two girls Gracie and Daisy. The girls were taken from there family’s at a camp in Jigalong. They were then taken to Moore river were there was a camp for half-cast children like themselves to be trained into servants and to be turned white. Molly knowing what will happen to them if they stayed at the camp. â€Å"Pack up your things we’re leaving now â€Å"said Molly when she was trying to rush them out the door so they could leave in a hurry so they could get a big head start on the government officials. Molly shows lots of persistence during the book which could show why they were able to evade capture and return home to Jigalong. The determination of the young Molly was repeated as she did the same trip again but this time with her newborn baby. Molly was always trying to look for the bright side on the way home. ‘My legs hurt’ said Daisy when they were walking in the bush so Molly decided to carry her sister and Gracie at different times even though her legs were hurting to. The determination of Molly was evident in how she was able to get the girls on the move, as most of the time they were running away. The saying you’re as tough as nails could easily be describing Molly. The book shows that Molly has lots of characteristics but determination is one of the important ones. The toughness of a fourteen year old girl could be said to be non-existent as todays girls have a luxury life, where any toughness is not needed. Molly on the other hard is as tough as a rock and journey she accomplished with two smaller children who could be very hard to deal with, to make the story better she was sent back to the camp after she had an operation and escaped back to her family after using the same route she took nine years early. Molly shows her toughness though the book in helping these two girls get home with her but she had the strength to do it again with her very young newborn baby, but she had to make a tough sacrifice in her decision to come home as she had to leave her oldest daughter Doris there at the camp, this â€Å"was one of the hardest decision of my life† said Molly while being interviewed for the movie. The toughness of Molly is evident throughout the book showing one of the qualities that not everyone has. The book ‘Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence’ is written by Doris Pilkington is about three aboriginal half-cast girls running away from The Moore River Native Settlement where aboriginal half-caste children kept. The book highlights the journey the girls took back to their home in Jigalong in Western Australia. The main character was Molly who was the oldest out of all three girls. . ‘This free-Spirited girl knew that she and her sisters must escape from this place,’ is true, she shows her Persistence, determination and is toughness. This book shows a true and inspiring story of children that wanted to go home.

Advanced Counselling Skills Essay

1. Understand the process of a series of counselling sessions. 1.1 Identify the stages of a series of counselling sessions. A well-structured counselling session provides an essential framework for both counsellor and client. Many authors describe the structure of a counselling work in terms of a beginning, middle phase and end Jacobs (2004). Gray (2004) likens the structure to an artist’s frame encapsulating a picture stating â€Å"Just as the frame around a picture serves to enhance and contain the material within it, so the structure erected around a counselling arrangement supports the work the participants are engaged in†. The beginning session is crucial for establishing trust, initial rapport and boundary settings. This is described in more detail in 1.2. The middle phase of the session is the working part where the exploration and the work takes place. It involves some or all of the key counselling skills. The main aims are ensuring using skills that support the client to feel secure enabling them to recognise their emotions, thought processes and behaviours and reflect on these. It gives space enabling clients to establish their own change. The ending is the third stage and is an action phase. It is result of the enhancement of the client’s self-acceptance and the associated internalising of his locus of evaluation. It contains elements of review and importantly effective closure for both client and counsellor. 1.2 Evaluate the importance of an appropriate opening of a series of sessions. The beginning of a session is important to establish trust, rapport and set boundaries. The contract occurs to help establish a  professional relationship. It includes confidentiality, time, money, complaints and client expectations of the counselling environment. Day and Sparacio (1988) describe this as â€Å"a joint understanding between the counsellor and client regarding the characteristics, conditions, procedures and parameters of counselling†. Establishing a solid professional relationship which is clearly boundaries reduces the chance of conflict in the future sessions. It empowers the client to feel secure and valued and protects the counsellor from possible issues such as over money or time keeping. Opening sessions allow for the first positive and professional impression to be made. The client may feel unsure of the process and the opening session(s) allows for trust to develop alongside the client’s willingness to open up. At the beginning the power is on the side of the counsellor due to knowledge this shifts towards the client through explanation of the process as there are no hidden agendas. 1.5 Explain the importance of working towards the ending of a series of sessions. In person centred counselling the client generally dictates the end point although a counsellor may still initiate an ‘endings’ discussion inviting the clients opinion on this. There are three areas that can be defined in preparing for an ending of sessions. Reviews and restarts and preparation for ending This is to explain to the client that although the current counselling process counselling is coming to an end it is not necessarily a cure all one-time event. It may be entered into again later in life or the client may not feel the need for future intervention. Reviewing the counselling process This is to develop and check a client’s cognitive understanding of what has transpired. Practical questions posed by Bayne (2008) could take the form of How does the client feel about the ending? What has this counselling relationship been like? What has been achieved? What has the client learned to help in the future? What might happen in the future? Unfinished business This is a chance for a client to voice questions or uncertainties that may have gone unsaid and focus on short work that still needs to be achieved. Both client and counsellor need to be able reflect on the ending for themselves, on what has been achieved, and what are their own reactions to an ending. In counselling endings may not go to plan and some clients may end sessions without notice. This could leave the counsellor feeling unsettled that the relationship has not been ended well for either of them. Clients may decide in the middle of a series of sessions the counselling is not for them because it’s not working or what it brings up is too difficult at that time. Financial or life demands may also stop the client from coming. Some clients may not realise they are ready for the ending and feel rejected by the suggestion this could come from rejections in previous life events and needs careful handling. This is similar to Egan’s (1986) model the â€Å"Three stage f ramework† which lists exploration, understanding and action in sessions. 1.3 Explain the purpose and importance of a working agreement for a series of sessions. A working agreement is important as the counselling relationship is a contract either as a private personal therapist or as part of an agency. There are guidelines and procedures from the British Association of Counselors and Physcotherapists (BACP) and the agency that need to be followed in order to protect the agency, client and counsellor. It is important that a contract is agreed and this includes practical considerations such as (money, time, location and frequency of sessions). It can also include the model and style of work that the counsellor and client wish to work within. Within the contract confidentiality is essential to help secure the client and build a sense of trust and professional relationship. This can be explaining how records are kept, supervision and permission to share certain information with G.P with or without prior consent from the client. Other practical arrangements may be such as what procedure to follow if the client or counsellor cannot make a session or how they can contact each other or holidays. It is useful to set out what will and won’t happen in counselling is so there is a baseline of understanding. This may include issues such as physical proximity and touching. It may  relate to chance meetings outside of the room and how they could be handled. It can include other sign posting and emergencies contacts if the counsellor is not available. The counsellor can explain his or her role and the expectations of this alongside the role and expectation of the clients such as time keeping and commitment to the process. It can involve the difficulty of endings and developing an agreement with the client if they chose to end the sessions early calls the c ounsellor for closure on both sides. In conclusion the counselling relationship is based on the counsellor’s ability to identify the client’s expectations and anxiety about the service. To be able to clarify the clients and counsellors ability and limitations of the relationship. Laying the foundations of the contact protects the counsellor and client physically and emotionally and reduces the chances of conflict that could derail the therapeutic relationship. For example payments could affect the power relationship between counsellor and client. Without an agreement the client is less likely to feel secure and valued by the counsellor and be more likely to not commit fully to the therapeutic process. 1.4 Explain the purpose and importance of reviewing progress with the client (assessment). Traditionally assessment is not generally emphasised in the person centred counselling approach as it disrupts the clients from focusing on themselves and working with their feelings, shifting the focus of attention from the client to the counsellor. However, given the nature of the counselling work and contract based work counsellor’s work within it is often necessary and required by an agency. I personally see assessment as key to gaining insight in to the client and building a plan of work. Counselling is a contractual relationship as part of this there needs to be regular review of the work being undertaken to ensure the goals or conditions established are being met and progress is being made. Assessment according to Gladding (2009) entails â€Å"the collection of information in order to identify, analyse, evaluate and address the problems, issues and circumstances of clients in the counselling relationship†. This is then used to identify potential work needed, planning interventions and evaluation clients. Assessment is a process in counselling not just a beginning and end event. Brammer (1989) writes on assessment saying â€Å"the integration of assessment information  requires a process of developing a description and explanation of the client’s problems that will be used as a basis for a therapeutic plan. The therapist is interested in linking the client presenting problems to the client personalised meaning of the problem, unique developmental history, family system interactions and formulate explanations that hypothesise about why the client has become symptomatic at this particular time† At the beginning of a series of sessions time needs to be given over to an initial assessment it can use a number or practical tools such as assessment questionnaires. This, as stated above, can help identify possible areas of work. It can inform to the counsellor that their client requires more specialist help such as complex trauma work and a referral needed. Alongside this an initial assessment may take the following structure and can look for information on: Current problems Previous counselling experience Occupation, relationship and children Medical and health Why choosing counselling now What to gain form counselling Historical information school, upbringing, memories and diversity issues Support networks Discussion on if counselling is suitable or referral made. Some counsellors add a review into the end of every session this is particularly relevant with short focused based counselling. Evaluation sheets may be used every week as part of NHS contracted work to establish progress or value added for the organisation to justify funding. Reviewing of work may be just once in the middle of a series of sessions for less focus based work as around 8 to 10 sessions. With longer open ended contract whole sessions maybe given over to reviewing. These may use formal evaluation forms such as Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation forms (CORE) or other methods such as Primary Health Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Questionnaire (PHQ-9). It may simply be a session dedicated to discussion over the clients progress overall. Evaluation or assessment, as a process, can be useful to show the client the progress they are making. It is essential to relate back to the initial question as although counselling may  have been useful, and the client feel better, but has it redressed the clients presenting problem? 1.6 Explain the importance of ensuring the environment is suitable and safe. The space in which the session takes place is important; it should be quiet, safe and above all confidential. All distractions such as mobile phones or interruptions should be minimised. It should remain consistent, comfortable and neutral in design. Both client and counsellor safety in terms of health and safety and lone working arrangements should be catered for. Green (2010) describes the importance of the room and lack of personal or religious aspects saying â€Å"the room is a kind of metaphor for what will take place between you. You the counsellor are going to be fully present, warm and available to the client but you are not going to being other aspects of yourself into the equation†. 2. be able to conduct a counselling session with a client in an ethical, effective and safe way. 2.1 Open the session, explaining the working agreement including 2.2 Develop the session using the following skills and interventions appropriate for the session and the model used. 2.3 End a session appropriately, usually the following where applicable See recording 3. Be able to reflect on the counselling session 3.1 Evaluate the effectiveness of the opening of the session This session was a continuation of previous sessions the need to open the session effectively and invite the client in still remains. In this session the contract was reviewed including the essentials of time boundaries, confidentiality, student status and ethical framework. In addition to this contract permission was sought to record the session. The contract was shorter than normal and on reflection could have been delivered slower and given invitation for the client throughout to ask questions. In the opening of the session I invited the client in and to do this briefly reflected and offered a summary of work that had taken place in the previous sessions. This was to show my attentiveness and show the client they had been heard previously and my attention was firmly on them from the outset of the session. 3.2 Justify the use of skills used during the session Attentiveness and rapport building The rapport with the client had been set in previous sessions and continued through this one. This was shown by a short summary at the beginning reflecting on topics from these previous sessions. The client was given an opportunity to bring one of these prior topics or something new to the session with the question â€Å"I was wondering which avenue you would like to go down today?† [3.45] Active listening Active listening is to show the client they are being heard. This is not only through verbal ques and reflecting but also in non-verbal ways. Throughout the session there were nonverbal examples of my attentiveness with nodding and smiling where appropriate and also the â€Å"Um† and â€Å"Okay† comments to encourage the client to continue with their story. Examples of this are at [10.52] after the client â€Å"I feel like I have to step in and get **** to see it from his perspective†. I use them â€Å"Um† instead of questioning as I sensed there was more to come from the client about this point. They start to question themselves so the nonverbal action was affective. Empathic listening Empathy is a way of being not just a professional role or communication skill it is attending to both the physical and psychological and listens to the clients view point. Empathy builds self-confidence and positive regard alongside promotes professionalism. Listening to the client and them feeling held in the session is crucial to allow them the space and security to open up. In this session there were several examples where I show the client they are being heard. This is around [13.30] minutes into the session where I ask the client â€Å"I wonder what you are left feeling?† At [16.10] I ask â€Å"Where do you see yourself?† The client throughout is focusing on their partner and their children but not on their own feelings. Effective questioning Open ended questions allow for the free flow of information, understanding the problem better and allows for rapport building. Closed questions that only elicit a yes or no elicit the opposite response of closing down the conversation. In the session there are a few open questions such as â€Å"I wonder what you mean by you know† [5.25]. This is to try and elicit what the client means in the context. Another example is â€Å"What does it feel like for you when the tensions going on?† The aim is to open up the clients feelings more at that point in their life and gain better understanding. Summarising My summary occurs 4 minutes from the end of the session. The client is made aware of this by the statement â€Å"If I could summarise†. The idea being to check the client felt heard and that there was no bits that I had missed from the session as the client should leave feeling heard and valued. The summary went over the salient points of the session allowing chance for reflection on the positives that came out of the conversation. The aim being to leave the client with a positive feeling relating to the work that have done. The client then reflects themselves back about something they have discovered about their relationship and how they may look at it differently. At the end the client is thanked and given an invitation to continue this exploration next session. Thus allowing the client time to think before the next session on what they would like to bring. This is to leave the session’s client centred. Focusing and challenging At [25.29] the client begins to bring in another aspect to the topic. Although potentially relevant there is little time to explore this topic. Focusing allowed for this session to stay on the track it I said â€Å"We only have a few minutes left of the session. Your Mum has been mentioned in several sessions but I’m wondering if we can stay focused on that moment†. By focusing the aim was to explore the feeling in more detail and not allow avoidance alongside not bringing a new topic when there was no time to fully explore this being so close to the end of a session. Immediacy There is a good example of immediacy in the session. It is important as a counsellor to not only hear what the client is saying but also be aware of their body language. At [10.42] I say to the client â€Å"You gestured with your hands that sense of balance† then I reflect on the balance between the children and partner that the client has been talking about. Working at an appropriate pace Pacing in this session was good. As a counsellor mine matched that of the clients throughout. This had already been established in the previous sessions although the contract could have been slowed down. The idea is to match the clients pace, pitch, tone and speed. A counsellor can use their own tone of pitch to slow the client down if they are running away with their story rather than taking the time to pause and think. Checking understanding with the client There were several examples of checking understanding with the client. The first occurred at [3.00] where I asked â€Å"Would you mind briefly going through†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.† This was seeking clarity of a historical event. The second occurred at [9.00] with the question â€Å"Remind me how long †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..† Although covered in a previous session it was important that the time frames being worked with were accurate. The aim being to also focus the client on the actual length of time they have been with their new partner. 3.3 Explain why other skills were not used during the session Managing silence There was no silence in the session this was due to my need to develop this skill. The spaces still feel unnatural and there were several chances where it could have been used. At [23.15] after the client responds they pose their own question â€Å"What will happen if I don’t?† I respond â€Å"Good question what will happen if you don’t†. At this moment the client should have been given time to think. Instead of this I looked to direct the conversation instead of holding the client in that moment and giving them the space. A second example was when the client comments â€Å"Why am I doing it†. I jumped in instead of leaving the space. If the silence had continued beyond the client’s reflection then I could have paraphrased this back to them to  highlight their thinking at that time. These interruptions potentially could cause the client to get nervous, stop the flow of information or feel intimidated. They could lose confidence in the proce ss and by not feeling heard could prevent communication in the future. Challenging During this session there was a very poor example of challenging where I asked the client â€Å"You’ve spoken about protecting the teenagers I was wondering if it was about protecting your relationship as well†. This was about my addenda to find out if there was a link and did not add value to the conversation at that point instead it detracted from the clients work. An example of missed challenging occurred at [6.39] the client uses the word â€Å"worried† four times in a minute. I could have challenged them on what the word worried meant to them as each of us carries our own perception. Working with diversity as it impacts on the session Within this session I sis not bring in diversity. Although working with this client there is normally an element as they are not British born and moved to the UK as an adult. So culturally in terms of relationships and family dynamics there is a possibility of needing to understand the difference. Language has in previous sessions been a barrier with needing to clarify my understanding of how Evaluate the effectiveness of closing the session This session was closed well the client was given a warning that was near the end of time with me saying â€Å"We only have a few minutes left†. They were then offered â€Å"If I could summarise†. The summary covered the main points from the session and allowed the client to affirm these. It gave opportunity to leave a positive point for the client to think upon to leave them secure after the session. It also opened up the possibility for the topic for the next session allowing them homework of reflection. The client by responding and affirming the summary gave rise to the fact they felt heard in the session. The session was within the time boundaries and the client was thanked for the session. Recognition was given to the next meeting with the client. Bibliography Brammer, L. Shostrom E and Abrego, P. (1989) Therapeutic Psychology Fundamentals in Counselling and Psychotherapy. 5th Ed. New Jersey: Prenice Hall. Bayne, R. (2008). The counsellor’s handbook. Cheltenham, U.K.: Nelson Thornes. Day, R.W and Sparacio (1988) Structuring the counselling process in Dryden (2008) Key Issues for Counselling in Action. London: SAGE Egan, G (1986) The skilled helper. Pacific Grove, Calif: Brooks/Cole Gray, A (2004) An introduction to the Therapeutic frame, London: Routledge Green, J and Claringbull, N. 2010 Creating the therapeutic relationship in counselling and psychotherapy. Exeter: Learning Matters Gladding, S.T (2009) Counselling: A Comprehensive profession (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Jacobs M (2004) Psychodynamic Counselling in Action (3rd Edition) London: Sage

Advantages and disadvantages of the FairTax Act Term Paper - 1

Advantages and disadvantages of the FairTax Act - Term Paper Example ing the proposals into the U.S accounting framework because the most important thing is to delivering the necessary information in an efficient and timely manner. It is therefore apparent that IASB proposals will have a great impact on US GAAP therefore forcing accountants to seek modifications to their activities. Upcoming changes to U.S GAAP intend to have significant effect on revenue recognition, leases and financial instruments. Even though the standard has not been made final, the three major changes to U.S. GAAP are significant and therefore understanding how they affect one’s profession and entities operations (Gallagher, 2010). When revenue recognition, financial instruments and leases standards are finalized, they will definitely become part of U.S. GAAP and affect both private, not for profit and public entities that were previously using the U.S GAAP standards. The revenue recognition proposal will have a great influence on the way revenues will be recognized and disclosed, transactions will be accounted for, and finally the way contractual arrangements will be made as a way of improving comparability across companies, industries and capital markets. A single standard for revenue recognition that converges U.S GAAP and IFRS applicable across all industries and in all transactions is vital in eliminating the transaction and industry specific revenue recognition guidance associated with U.S GAAP (Munter, 2011). The resulting standard will be a principle based approach that will determine revenue recognition because of its ability to affect every entity’s every day accounting and transactions. Standardized revenue recognition standard for both annual and interim reporting will be applied retrospectively including any practical expedients discussed. However, transition to the new revenue recognition standard as well as the potential impacts on financial statements and introduction of new systems may take some time due to challenges of familiarity

Argumentative Thesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argumentative Thesis - Essay Example In my thesis, I shall analyze the definitive reasons as to why in ACL surgeries, surgeons should opt for an autograft from the patient’s own body tissues over an allograft where the tissue is obtained from a cadaver. Anterior crucial ligament reconstruction surgery is among the most common orthopedic surgeries that are performed. Like all other surgeries, it does have its own drawbacks. In The X Factor: Why Female Athletes Have a Higher Rate of ACL Injury Than Their Male Counterparts, Washington (2012) says that â€Å"six to 18 months of rehab, a missed competitive season and all the pain and suffering that go along with that† which are some of the things that the patient needs to cope up with post-surgery. Tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament is a fairly common case especially among sports people. The surge in injuries called for good surgical options to rescue people from the trauma and help them lead a normal life later on. ACL surgery and its efficacy have led to an increase in the numbers of patients’ opting for it. Orthopedic surgeons have a choice between using an allograft or an autograft for the reconstruction surgery. Presently, most surgeons opt for an autograft, ta king tissue from the patient’s own patellar tendon over an allograft taken from a cadaver donor. However, since an autograft have had some drawbacks too in spite of its success, some surgeons also opt for an allograft. For example, using an allograft prevents graft site morbidity in the patient but allografts too have their own drawbacks. Now, I shall discuss why an autograft is a better choice than an allograft. One of primary reasons of opting for an autograft over an allograft is the fear of probable disease transmission. According to The Mail on Sunday (2011) â€Å"The only potential complication is being infected by a virus from donor tissue† (p.25) the chances of which

Answer the 2 questions from document provided. About 17 and 18 century Essay

Answer the 2 questions from document provided. About 17 and 18 century english literature - Essay Example The earlier audiences were very specialized. Who, really, would care about referring to a cup from the Thespian well Either family or close friends of Sir George Sidney or people who knew what "Thespian" meant. Likewise, in Virtue, the ordinary person can understand what the poet meant by the whole world turning to coal. A hundred years later more of the potential audience "got it." The reason that Gulliver's travels was so popular was that more people saw it as satire and not a clumsy fairy tale. The author refers to Care and Vigilance, somehow used in order to protect one's belongings from thieves. This would probably mean something to an audience in 1726 than it might have meant a century earlier. Jane Austin also developed women readers who may never have heard of Ben Jonson. The thematic change between these two centuries can also quite simplistically, be related to the boutique and department store analogies. While the early poets and writers had a limited audience (with boutique audiences looking for something fine and special) the next century produced more of a mass-product that appealed to a larger audience. John Donne's "Mistress Going to Bed" is, to use a rather unflattering word, "precious." In the middle of the Seventeenth century, thematic change can be seen in Milton, who on the other hand, creates a wide and fundamentally moral canvas with a nation that survived the rift between the new Angli

Research and Client Advisement on Two Careers Proposal - 1

And Client Advisement on Two Careers - Research Proposal Example Unwilling to seek a Master’s degree due to cost and personal obligations, it was necessary for Open Options to satisfy these demands for careers only requiring a four-year Bachelor’s level degree. The role of human resources manager, in most industries, requires only a Bachelor’s in Human Resources in order to receive the average salary of $59,310 (payscale.com, 2011). This was the salary for Lowe’s Home Improvement and was competitive with most other industries both retail and non-retail. Educational demands in the role of human resources manager are related to basic business courses, knowledge of applicable labor laws, marketing, and organizational communication. These are typical four-year degree courses that build a rounded applicant profile for the role of HR management. The client indicated that there was a need for a working environment that required little in terms of physical labor and also one where there was a high reliance on technology in dail y role obligations. This is why Open Options determined that the career of HR manager would be best-suited to the client needs. For example, the HR manager often utilizes the human resource information system (HRIS) with is â€Å"a composite of databases, computer applications, and hardware/software necessary to store, manage, deliver present and manipulate data† (Ngai & Wat, 2006, p.299). The working condition for an HR manager is one where technology is integral to serving low-level business populations and also large-scale corporate or multinational business environments. It is thus suited specifically to accommodate needs as identified through the interview. Skills required for the role of HR manager, it was identified through research, including knowledge of human psychology above and beyond the educational degree.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 37

Business Ethics - Essay Example For example, the level of pollution may vary but that does not mean that pollution is not experienced by either of the States. Differences in ethics are mainly based on professional cultures, laws, organizational culture, and human resource systems. In the United States, for instance, bribery to acquire a business is forbidden. In other countries, no business transaction can be conducted without bribery. In others, money obtained from bribery is tax deductible. In Asia giving business, gifts imply value for business relationships and convey respect. In the United States, such moves may not be necessary. Some might even consider it as a bribe to influence judgement. A code of ethics can be established for the global market through research. This will be achieved by gathering information about cultural requirements on different countries. These requirements can then be modified so that they are applicable to different business circumstances. Similarity with American code of business ethics will be professionalism such as proper communication channels. The difference will incorporate different cultural expectations. The first measure that should be taken in case an organization offends a foreign culture is to establish the nature of conflict by understanding the history of cultures. Expectations of different cultures greatly affect transactions. It is, therefore, important to understand cultural bases that define ethical behaviour. The second step requires conducting research about foreign ethical guidelines prior to getting into business. This knowledge acquired combined with good managerial skills can rectify an organization’s reputation. Finally, the offended party can be given the fundamental right to choose, and other advantages over the organization hence maintain integrity (Kent, 2014). Ethical frameworks greatly differ in the global business market hence making it difficult to distinguish practices

Articles related to Managerial Accounting Essay

Articles related to Managerial Accounting - Essay Example The cumulative cost, therefore, constitutes the job cost charged to the customer. The article successfully illustrates that a job order costing approach is utilized when the job in question is distinctive from other jobs or product batches. Just as learnt in the management accounting class, cost accounting is relatively simple in job order costing. This is because the cost of materials and labor are integrated on one job ticket. Further, other overhead costs are included in the total amount of money charged to a customer. The article clearly distinguishes job costing from process costing, by showing that their difference depends on the product being availed to a customer, hence the kind of production procedure followed. I therefore learned that while process costing involves charging costs incurred in the course of production, job costing involves charging a specific job. I also learned that, cost assignment strategies and record keeping in job order costing, have higher complexity than in process costing. This is especially the case, if there are multiple services or products being provided. Complexity is increased by the fact that different services or products result in different costs. This means that for high efficacy in job costing, a company must maintain detailed cost records for every job or product. Summary: This article recognizes the fact that in any business, there is a possibility of making profits, suffering losses or simply breaking even. The F&B establishment used as an example adopts a strategy of providing high quality soup at a fair price. Â  This means that the variable costs incurred are high because of using ingredients of high quality, yet the selling price stays at an average level. As a result, the contribution margin remains equally average. Therefore, fixed expenses and generate profit, the business compensates low margin with high sales volume. This involves making sure that its outlets are

Situation Background Assessment Recommendation Assignment

Situation Background Assessment Recommendation - Assignment Example There are a number of them. But the best is SBAR (Situation Background Assessment Recommendation), according to most of the healthcare organizations for transfer of information in the correct manner. They are useful in communicating among medical staff, between doctor and patient between nurse and patient etc. The language is clear and simple and is applicable for both written and oral communication. The steps include stating the situation, the circumstances causing the situation, determining the problem and arriving at the best solution. The healthcare organization has their own procedures to fill up forms concerned with the patient's clinical history during the course of their treatment in the unit. That will give clear, concise information about the patient and the type of treatment he gets. However, the accuracy of the record is doubtful. At times the patient would not have given the proper information. It may so happen that the recording may not be proper or legible. Even so clinical record can be considered very valuable in most instances. During verbal communication, there is every chance of data being missed or misunderstood. The reason is that the doctors, nurses and other health personnel etc lack effective communication skill, though they may be good in their own field. The healthcare professionals including nurses have been educated to deal with patients in communic ation, but not among themselves or how to communicate during an emergency. Also, there are no rules for verbal communication, whether direct or through telephone. It is obvious that communication errors may have adverse effects on the patients. It is praiseworthy that various steps have been taken for the improvement of communication among the staff. These will ultimately result in the safety of the patients. According to Dr. Michael Leonard, MD, nurses' communication is descriptive. But that of the physicians is strictly to the point. He feels that SBAR model will nullify the differences in approach and style. It proposes how a nurse should communicate with a doctor. Adopting the SBAR tool has considerably improved patient's safety. It is valuable not only for communication between doctor and nurse but among a number of team members. Let us look at the following instance. One Mr. Joy took his wife to hospital. She had hysterectomy with bowel perforation. An overdose of medicines resulted in permanent brain damage. Joy had no idea about the SBAR tools. So because of his precarious and tense situation, Joy failed to inform the actual cause to the doctors. If he had communicated properly, he could have avoided the mental agony that he and his wife suffered. His wife would have got the correct treatment and would have been better placed. Even the doctor, who felt guilty for not successful in treating the wife would have been spared. Summary of Article This clearly shows how a little bit of care can prolong the life of the patient and enhance the happiness of his beloved ones. At the same time sheer neglect can endanger his life. The hospital staff should consider it their duty to contribute to the well being of the patients. There comes the importance of SBAR techniques. Conclusion It is

Macromedia DreamWeaver Essay Example for Free

Macromedia DreamWeaver Essay After hearing the talk with John Burton a Director from the Varndean e-learning company. I have learnt that Varndean if a fairly small company compared to other large manufactures. Johns Role in Varndean e-Learning is a shared one. As the company is a relatively small one they all share roles. But John writes interactive Learning materials (such as the one we are working from) He also has a small role with finances, but his main role is working with selling the product. John will try to sell his programs in many ways. They include Websites, where the customers can view screenshots of the product and order a CD for more information, or they can actually buy the product its self. Varndean also run large marketing campaigns, they have a huge database of all the schools in the country. They use this to help distribute letters to or leaflets or any other way of selling their products. Also they invite them to a seminar where thy can show them the products in far more detail. To accomplish all this the company would have to use different software and hardware. Without the use of some software there is no way they could produce enough letters to distribute letters between thousands of schools. Also with out such web authoring tools such as Macromedia Dreamweaver no way could they make their websites. Also Microsoft exel and access keeping databases of all the schools addresses. With out software and hardware there is no way the sales department at Varndean could hold its ground well. Also Varndean and nearly all company little or large use email. John says, they receive 10-15 emails a day asking for more detail or information about their programs. So without hardware and software the sales department probably would work. Here is a list of all the things that makes this company work. Purchasing Deparment Another director at Varndean e-Learning is Andy Legget. He is more concerned with the purchasing department. His job can be as small as buying paper clips or paper for the printer or to buy 2 servers to power a website and an office from. They make all their purchases using a company bank account. They use debit cards quite a lot because they purchase a lot of equipment over the Internet. (Especially from the U. S) All of the suppliers that are purchased from are recorded in a SAGE instant account package. They keep track of who the suppliers are what weve bought from them. By listening to Andy talk about the purchasing department I know that the purchasing department have:   PCS An internet Connection AGE Instant Accounts   They Work from there office in the Varndean company building hey use 1 server to power there Network They use 1 server to run their website from As Andy doesnt give a list of hardware or software he uses it is hard to see what equipment they use. So by reading what he says I can think that the Purchasing department runs on 2 servers. One run their website and the other powers the network. They use the Sage Instant accounts package, using this they can track their suppliers. Also we know that they use a Debit card to pay for things over the Internet. Andy and his purchasing department staff would normally work in a office, here the advantage of ICT is shown as they use it to their advantage, without it they would not be able to surf the web and buy the products needed to make the purchasing department useful. With ICT the purchasing department can run a lot more quicker, smoother and efficient. Also with the aid of ict they can communicate with other companies Via email and other software, E. g. Msn Messenger, AOL Instant messenger. The Finances Department The Finances runs mainly on the use of ICT, the use of ICT in the Finances department is absolutely vital, they use it to follow the accounts, money coming in, and money coming out. This software allows them to keep track of any money due in and at the same time keep control of the amount of money being spent by the purchasing department. Once again all of the software and hardware and probably used in a designated office or set of rooms. They would have to use broadband to be quicker and carry out tasks faster. Individuals in the Finances department are given a great advantage over other rival companies who have no ICT. With out it they would have to use pen and paper and search through catalogues. Not only would this take much longer, less efficient and harder to get information on the items and users. At Varndean the 2 main people that control the Finances department are John and Sue. They send out invoices and inform people of the amount of the days they have left to pay, this will tart from 30 days, With the use of SAGE instant accounts package they can follow their customers or buyes around the world and follow there bank accounts. In this their details like Name, address and other contacts details are stored. Another piece of software used is the BACS this is an electronic system that can send any money straight the there bank account. The last main piece of software used is the SAGE payroll. Each month either Sue or John will enter the details of the workers at varndean. This then (Every 3 weeks) will automate print out each check for each worker. Once again the Finances department would use Macromedia DreamWeaver to create websites to distribute information on their products. Also from the internet they can communicate with other companies and also search the web for the purchasing department to buy. They get information from forums and the products website. Operations Department The Operations department is run by Andy, this is the part of the company which creates the products and creates the websites. To create the software they sell, they need to first use several pieces of hardware to create it, for example there software includes Video, so to get this video they need to use a Digital Camcorder to record images, they then upload it to their computers then with the use of ICT they can edit what they have recorder and place them into their software. Operations department is mainly in control of the creating of the software and websites.

Concept-mapping software Essay Example for Free

Concept-mapping software Essay Indeed, should it be of necessity or required for students to evaluate, collate and compute data in all work prescription in class, important machinery to achieve this must be recommended as part of the needed gadget. (Zardoya, 2001). Business researchers are similarly concerned with the question of whether or not the introduction of information technology leads to increased output, excellent evaluation in reasoning and advantageous edge of counterparts (Al-Gahtani, 2003). ICT this is an acronyms for Information and Communication and technology, constituting system hardware and software that enhance data resource for use in many applications. Internet inclusive with provision of world wide web. (Clark et al. , 2005). That is, we need to shift focus from robotic use of technology. The quest should rather be innovative ways of information technology to massively enhance the gains and ease of studies at all levels(p. 4). Overall, CACSR makes provision for students through interaction with the surroundings. This possibly ensure a sustained focus at the same time educating students on skills as they read expository text passages (Kim et al. ,). Studies have shown that â€Å"educational technology that includes dictionary components has been used successfully to promote literacy skill development among elementary school students† (Fry Gosky, 2007). In analyzing the study, a researcher suggested that writer’s with back up soft copy in CD-ROM provides more strategy towards enhancing the problem of elaboration from close by tutor. The soft copy leaves the students independent of the teacher to a greater extent than none (Fry Gosky). QuickSmart is a computer-assisted program designed to improve the self-improving ability of students who are face with challenges of grabbing problem most expecially in their mid-year at school (Graham Bellert, et al. , 2007,). Based on an information –analyzing point of intuitive processings, QuickSmart was intended to be a elaborated dealings with attention on the primary learning skills needed to do well in assimilating classroom instruction. (Graham Bellert, et al). It is a Concept-mapping software, or webbing, in that students are permitted to build up strategic maps with the aid of specific programs (Marchinko, 2004,). Concept-mapping software has been used in middle school science classes for example, to help students juxtapose the similarities and differences in plant and animal cells, and in writing class to help students brainstorm. Teachers also use concept-mapping software to give a clue or insight in the direction of the lesson (Marchinko,). The KidTools computer programs as also an electronic performer. It is an aiding technique that focus on behavior and academic performance support software for students with studying default (Miller Fitzgerald, 2007, p. 13). A cognitive-behavioral modification program, KidTools is one of several programs with increased usage recorded within the last two decades owing to their efficacy reports over time (Miller Fitzgerald. RockSim is a rocket design program for middle school science class, which â€Å"takes students along the path of technology that enhance the design of their own rockets and simulation performance (Wilson, 2005,). Finally, BodyFun on its own is a computer game that perfectly educate on nutrition and other health awareness (Geiger, et al. , 2002,). In a test of BodyFun among the middle class of school age, the resource and the technical requirements of the schemes is high, in addition to its acceptability among the study environment, it gives a good result (Geiger Petri, et al. ,). Education is feeling pressure to respond to a mandate to improve the engagement-level of classrooms, due to surveys which repeatedly find middle school students especially characterize traditional classes as cold (Taylor Duran, 2006, p. 11). Overall, most classrooms continue to implement instructional practices. The practice has the main essence of textbooks studying and facts cramming with subsequent commitment to memory (Taylor Duran,). As a result, many researchers have called for a move from the usual teaching to a constructive approach in methods (Taylor Duran, p. 11). In most classes, this entails increasing the students’ abilities of inquiry, and this can be enhanced through implementation with the most suiting instruments (Taylor Duran, p . 11). One teacher reports that her middle school students have become mastery of executing video projects and slide shows, this demonstrate they have learnt (Crawford, 2005, p. 2). InFocus projectors produced a difference that was similar to that of darkness and light with improved class presentation and involvement (Crawford, p. 1). Studies have shown that students who use computers to write reports recorded a higher performance compared to those who do not attempt the use of computer (Taylor Duran, 2006, p. 10). One study found that teachers who made regular use of PowerPoint presentations felt more confident in their ability to teach and assist students’ competence in using multimedia projection and even other similar method of sophisticated learning (Taylor Duran, p. 13). Video streaming is another technology being used in some classrooms (Whitaker, 2003), while some K-12 classrooms are even experimenting with robotics activities to enhance student the convergence of literacy instruction (for example) with Internet technologies is fundamentally reshaping the nature of literacy instruction as teachers seek to prepare children for the futures they deserve engagement in lessons (Williams Ma, et al. , 2007, p. 201), although most reports on the usefulness of robotics is anecdotal in nature and evidence is still required to demonstrate the effectiveness of using robotics in achieving study aims (Williams et al. , p. 201). Now, many believe that â€Å"† (Witte, 2007, p. 93). A threaded discussion group is a series of rotations on a subject (Grisham Wolsey, p. 651). The study found that through threaded discussion, student engagement was increased. This was because an environment found more friendly were self created and fits appropriately with other peers. Therefore each of them have equal dominion of the conversation (Grisham Wolsey, p. 649). Though acknowledging that one of the serious drawbacks to the Web is that students often become lost trying to navigate through â€Å"data smog† (Trotter, 2004, p. 1). The MyAccess program is an internet oriented writing scheme that expressly rewards write-up and supplies correct instruction for students at a middle school in Georgia (Ullman, 2006, p. 76). The program was found to not only relieve teachers much of their paper correcting burden, but also to have permitted immediate report even in more detail that scores it a preferred quality of writing (Ullman, p. 76). Another project reported in the literature was the creation of a website which supported students and average school teachers drawing out a convergence between science and literature within the limited surroundings (Howes Hamilton, 2003, p. 454). WebQuest is another â€Å"powerful instrument† for teachers to use in improving the engagement level of students in their class (Lipscomb, 2003, p. 154). Though relatively new, stakeholders in education are praising its value and facilitate more use (Lipscomb, 2003, p. 153). The important pedagogical purpose of a WebQuest is that it provides tangible experience for students, both with the technology and in the subject matter being explored (Lipscomb, p. 154). More recently, other schools are experimenting with the use of blogs, or web logs, to enhance learning. Witte (2007) pushed for establishment of blog discussion method on the present inter-school network in order to further engage students in learning (p. 95). Witte (2007) decided that blogs were an important go-between among class and students when he found out that, while some students indicated some interest in the period of writing and homework, they were reported, by their parents, to be â€Å"on the computer writing essays and poems for hours each night† (Witte, p. 92). A theory was devised as to why diffusion was so slow, with explanations centering on methods used by farmers in generating information on discoveries, and how they direct this in helping their appropriate usage (Rogers, p. 14). Diffusion theory can help educators understand why technology is and is not adopted in classrooms (Surry, 1997). Other researchers have adopted the diffusion model to counteract the increasing consciousness about how discovered instructive materials have been rendered fallow (Minishi-Majanja Kiplang’at, p. 4). Indeed, Al-Gahtani’s (2003) literature review revealed 75 articles in which perceived attributes were measured, with the overall result being that agreement and comparative merit attained highest ratings when they were instituted. Complexity was on the other hand negative on its procedural acceptance (p. 59). While determinists can be either utopian or dystopian (Marx, McCluhan and Toffler versus Ellul, Orwell or Luddites), all determinists see technology as an independent force out of human control. The equally view technology as the sole engine of social change (Surry, 1997, p. 6). In education, developer-based theory results in top-down technology-based reform initiatives such as Goals 2000, which target the diversity of educational change through proposition of a new system with improved hybrid (Surry, p. 7). Overall, â€Å"the instructional development process† is of the assumption that technological improved hybrid will suffice the only condition necessary to attract participation of innovative practices. (Surry, p. 7). Adopter-based theoreticians such as Ernest Burkman are prone to point out situations where a technologically superior innovation was rejected by users because of the strength of â€Å"human, interpersonal and social factors†. These factors play an importance role in adopting proposed technological superiority† (Surry, p. 11). Another by-product of adopter-based theory is the study of revenge effects, which occur when new establishments, movements and organisms react with real in a factual but unforeseen situation (Surry, p. 11). Indeed, prediction and accounting for likely results to be caused by an innovation is an integral component of many â€Å"adopter-based diffusion theories† (Surry, p. 11). Large scale market forces such as sector growth, volatility and concentration of markets have also been of use in acceptance of technology (Park et al. , p. 1480). Subjective norm is another strong construction developed along this line of research. Subjective norm is defined as an individual’s believe that perhaps exist in contrast to other people. Subjective norm has been shown to strongly influence adoption of technology, especially if use is mandatory and not voluntary (Park O’Brien, et al. , p. 1480). All of this feeds into instruction through the lens of constructivism, or the belief that learning happens in a deliberate effort to construct a â€Å"public entity†, be it the simplest of task where resources are in abundance or a more complex assignment (Williams Ma, et al. , 2007). In this context, technology is used in education to create a system whereby that enhance â€Å"study by making† and â€Å"study by design† (Williams Ma, et al. ,). Various programs along these lines include efforts to have children design computer games, and promote studying with â€Å"programmable bricks† (Williams et al). Thus, from the constructivist point of view, the availability of computer systems in learning rooms does not attach huge significance as presently being in used (Sheumaker Slate,). Integration of computers is deemed successful only when students learn with the computer system and not the reverse (Sheumaker Slate, et al. , p. 3) Finally, reinforcing this model is the ecological model of technology integration in education. According to this model, technologies are only acting in a social settings, incorporated within the events of learning processes (Kupperman Fishman, 2002,). Through the use of new tools we develop new literacies, and from use or non-use are discovered as being â€Å"full, subsidiary or un-involving class members (Kupperman Fishman,). Mention of the word â€Å"actor† enlists actor-network theory into these models as well. According to this model, the social globe is materially diverse and consists of a interconnected chains of animate and inanimate participants who only interact and negotiate for rules imposition through series of deliberations and alliances (Samarawickrema Stacey, 2007). In order to have their way, these various actors may use bargaining, lobbying, subtle computation and at the extreme, violence (Samarawickrema Stacey,).

Functions Of Language In Daily Use English Language Essay

Functions Of Language In Daily Use English Language Essay There are many different languages in our world that are different. And each language has its rule. Language function is a part of the language. Also, each language has its function, which is used to communicate. Moreover, language function makes us to communicate correctly. If we dont know about language function, the sentences that we talk to other people will not complete. Although they can understand, but it can change the meaning. As we are teachers, we should be careful in teaching the function of language because if we teach a wrong function, it means that the students will receive a wrong language system, too. Therefore, the teachers should be careful about the usage of verbs or tenses, phrases, structures and vocabulary because these are the main factors that we can make our students to write or speak English correctly. Nowadays, there are many ways to teach the students to learn language functions. Some students think that language functions are boring. Then, they dont want to learn. However, we should use the better teaching technique for our students. Parker (2009) suggests that function is what the language used in language learning such as requesting, apologizing, ordering etc. In my view, I think that the function of the language is something to control the meaning or expression of the communication. The language functions. When we talk about language functions, we are talking about the reason we use a language. Basically, the function of language is used for communication; we use the language to give and receive messages between ourselves. We can break this down into language functions. When we communicate with language, we can: Compare and Contrast Make a complaint Express love or anger Persuade someone Give advice Ask for something Ask for something politely Hide the truth (lie) Warm Give information Explain a process Apportion blame Avoid saying anything and so on. Each language function can be associated with certain grammatical forms. For example, we often use modal verbs in a polite situation, Might I borrow your pen? Compare this to when the language function is one of demanding: Give me your pen! Although each language function deals with one main communicative need, it can cover different situations. For example, Asking for information directions can be used not only in the context of tourists finding their way round town, but also with new employees who need to find their bearings in a large firm. The same goes for Instructing others. Here the relevant language will be about giving orders, making strong suggestions etc. these can be used at work and also outside work at a hotel, when hiring a car, ordering a meal, etc. There are 3 types of the language function such as: First of all, informative languages function: essentially, the communication of information. They are: -The informative function affirms or denies propositions, as in science or the statement of a fact. -This function is used to describe the word or reason about it. -These sentences have a truth value. The sentences are either true or false. Secondly, expressive languages function: reports feelings or attitudes of the writer or speaker, or of the subject. For examples: -Poetry and literature are among the best examples, but much of, perhaps most of, ordinary language discourse is the expression of emotions, feelings or attitudes. -Two main aspects of this function are generally noted: evoking, certain feelings and expressing feelings. The last one, directive languages function: language used for the purpose of causing overt action. -The directive function is most commonly found in commands and requests. -Directive language is not normally considered true or false. -Example of this function: Close the windows. The sentence Youre smoking in a nonsmoking area, although declarative, can be used to mean Do not smoke in this area. How to teach language functions. The teacher should understand with the function of language clearly. In teaching, the teacher must give the students an example in each function. Moreover, the teacher may give them a situation that they can express the language function. For example: a student is at the restaurant, she wants to order something for her lunch. What will she say to a waiter? This is an example that the teacher may give to their students to think what the girl will say in order to order something. Therefore; ordering food is a function language. Parker (2009) explains that introducing students to the function of language, the teacher can give them to perform tasks or talk about the past, present, or future. Although, the beginner level can learn how to greet people. The important thing to remember when teaching function language, the teacher should: 1. Remember that the function does not appear in isolation. A request, or incitation, needs a reply. So, to give the students for a task, the teacher should teach in appropriate pairs. 2. Intonation is very important in speaking English when the function of language is presented. The tone in speaking and emphasis is just as important as the particular choice of words. For example, Could I have your attention, please? It is used when we speak in class, even though it is spoken as a request, is a demand. Could I have à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the spaghetti? Which is spoken in a restaurant, would be a polite request. 3. Remember the aspect of appropriacy. It is very important that the students must be careful of different situations which either for called formal English or allowed for a less formal option. In a restaurant, Can I have the spaghetti? It is less polite than Could I have the spaghetti, please? Moreover, he says that one function can have many different language functions. Here are the examples of different functions: 1. If you say anything, I will tell your parents. (Function-Threat/Warning) 2. Ill do the hovering, if you do the washing up. (Function-Negotiation) 3. Ill go to the shops for you. (Function-Offer) And one function can be expressed using several different language structures. For example: 1. If I were you, Id à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. (2nd conditional) 2. Why dont you à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Present tense question negative) 3. You should / ought à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (Modal/auxiliary verb) In addition, to teach a language function, the teacher may give the students some tasks or talk with them about the situations. The teacher should allow the students to study in the role play. In each situation, the students ought to tell the functions of language. To do like this will help the teacher knows the students ability in using language function. Examples of language function. There is an example of teaching language function for students that I have planned to teach about these topics. In each topic, I write the functions of language that they will learn. Topics Functions Topics Language functions -Greeting friends. -Greeting acquaintance. -Greeting strangers. Greeting -Classifying words. -Making compound/complex sentences. -Listening to a male college student. -Reading about meaning of colors. -Writing about making decisions. Types of Sentences -Describing things that can be counted, categorizing things. -Listening to a foreign student talking about the food her roommate likes to eat. -Reading about An American singer story. -Writing about shopping at the supermarket. Countable and uncountable nouns. -Classifying nouns. -Listening to an African man talking about his eating habits. -Reading about finding fat Santa. -Writing about an ad for Santa. Singular and Plural -Describing objects, people. -Listening to a man talking about sports. -Reading about a Cat story. -Writing about giving opinion. Determiners and Adjectives -Drawing conclusion, Describing habits. -Listening to a man talking about his dog. -Reading about A computer Whizz. -Writing about making a list. Present Time Passive Voice -Making sentences impersonal. -Listening to a woman talking about famous landmarks. -Reading about oldest soccer ball. -Writing about letters of inquiry. Past Time -Asking about things that happened recently, -Listening to man talking about his last vacation. -Writing about creating an article. Future Time -Talking about the future. -Making plans. -Listening to a man talking about his future plans. -Reading about going back to school. -Writing about your plans for the future. -Creating perfect tenses. -Listening to a woman talking about herself. -Reading about a pilot story. -Writing about solving a problem. -Identifying adjectives. -Listening to a woman talking about U.S. wedding traditions. -Reading about hearing loss. -Writing about your opinion. Adjective Clauses and Phrases -Expressing equity. -Reading about seat belt law. -Writing about radio ads. Degree -Classifying verbs. -Listening to a Spanish woman talking about culture shock. -Reading about Animal rights -Writing about environmental problems. Verbal -Creating noun clauses. -Listening to a man talking about a weird story. -Reading about business. -Writing about planning. Nouns Clauses and Reported Speech Present, Future, and Past Perfect -Talking about general truths, unreal situations. -Listening to a woman talking about events that arent true. -Reading about gadgets. -Writing letters. Conditional Sentences Sample list of language functions: There are the sample lists of language functions. Identify Imagine Express sadness Describe (people, places, things, experiences) State intentions Express + (other moods) Ask for information Discuss probability Encourage Give information Offer to do something Persuade Clarify Ask for permission Complain Apologize Give reasons Give and accept or refuse Greet Give opinions Compliments Make introductions Instruct how to do something Warn Correct information Check understanding others Request Talk about similarities Attract attention Talk about differences Agree State preferences Disagree Make suggestions Invite Give advice Accept Express enthusiasm refuse Express disappointment Express happiness The table from the school of teaching ESL. (www.schoolofTESL.com) There are example situations to use language function at various places. Introductions and commands. Dialogue: Ploy : Hi, I am Ploy. Im a new student. Teacher : Nice to meet you Ploy. Im Aoy-atchara and Im your new teacher. Please come in. Ploy : Im pleased to meet you. Teacher : Sit down, please. Vocabulary Im I am Its It is Lets Let us Dont Do not Language function Greetings Hi! Hello! (Formal) Good morning Good afternoon Good evening Language function Introducing yourself Hi! Im Ploy. Hi! My name is Ploy. Hi! Im Ploy. Hello. My name is Ploy. Hello. Im Ploy. Language function Informal responses Hi! Nice to meet you. Hi! Its nice to meet you. Hi! Nice to meet you, too. Language function Formal responses Hello. Its nice to meet you. Im Ploy. Im Ploy Surathana. Hello. Its nice to meet you. My name is Ann. Hello. Im pleased to meet you. Im Kai. Im Kai Srisuk. Hello. Im pleased to meet you. My name is John Kanyon. Hello. Im pleased to meet you. My name is Aoy and Im your teacher. The examples tasks. Whats the real meaning? The dialogue below shows the different exchange between the student and teacher. Ann: I can hear the phone. Paul: Im watching TV. Student: Why does Paul say Im watching TV? Teacher: Because hes is doing it now- at the moment of speaking. Student: But John is there he can see that Ann is having her lunch. Teacher: Exactly. Its happening now. Student: But why? The feedback The teacher does not focus on the functional meaning of Pauls utterance. In this context, Paul is making an excuse Im not going to answer the phone because Im having my lunch. It is only focused on the grammatical meaning of the structure Paul uses, does not to make this clear. Key Skill Understanding the underlying social meaning of certain utterances is at the heart of functional language. We often use language because we want to perform some kind of communicative act like making a request or offering advice. The expressions that we use to achieve this are known as functional exponents. Research According to Saichon Deeprasit, research on Analysis of Language Functions of Authentic Materials Based on Communicative Language Teaching. The purpose of this research was to analyze the language functions of authentic materials which had not been developed for educational purpose. Authentic materials were firstly analyzed into themes, topics and sub topics. Then their language functions were analyzed and developed six lesson plans for high school students. She used 70 authentic materials which were analyzed within 12 themes and the language functions were analyzed following 6 language function groups and 6 lesson plans were developed according to the highest frequency of occurrences found in each language function group. The language functions of imparting and seeking factual information; reporting including describing and narrating were the highest frequency of occurrences (84.29) From the research, it was found that in teaching language function, the students need to report, describe and narrate. It is a secondary research because the researcher has study from the language functions of authentic materials. (Saichon: Analysis of Language Functions of Authentic Materials Based on Communicative Language Teaching) Conclusion From this research I think that it is very important for the teacher in teaching language function because it is based on communication. Most of the students do not understand with the function of language. Sometime, the students dont know when they are used in the situation and how they should talks with a receiver. In my research, there are about the meaning of language functions, how to teach language functions and the examples of language functions. I am teaching grade 11 and the English textbook consists of 8 language functions, Introducing people, Giving an opinion, Giving directions, Making arrangements, Making a phone call, In a cafà ©, Buying a train ticket, and Giving advice. My students can communicate in English from these various situations both inside and outside classroom. They know not only what functions they can use with those situations, but also the language culture. For example, they can tell the tourist the way to Nong Prajak Park, or they can introduce their new friends to a foreign teacher. They also understand the appropriateness in using the language in formal or informal way. To illustrate, they said, May I come in, please? to get a permission from the teacher to enter the class whereas they said, Can I use your pen? to their friends. Besides, they can use the certain vocabulary according to the situations. They use the word, pay attention which means to be interested in. On the contrary, pay a lot of mon ey which means to spend money. Through my learning experience with Ajarn Steve Graham, language functions have benefited me in various ways. First of all, I can communicate in various situations by using the knowledge from the classroom to apply using them in reality. Moreover, on reading skill, I can cope with skimming, scanning, or even speed reading. In addition, on writing skill, I can express my ideas, agree or disagree from the articles both in the textbook and the one on his website, Harmony at all cost? Secondly, the comic section interests me in choosing the characters and making the dialogue which I think I wont have a chance to create this language function by myself. Most importantly, I have a good opportunity to express my opinion and discuss the interesting topics such as the educational system in Thailand and I can produce the target language from reading and writing skills through speaking skill. Language function is one of the major factors that ESL students need to learn. The potential communication has been created from the classroom first and the most success will consequently happen in the real world.

Information Technology and the Other Degree Programs :: essays research papers

Information Technology and the Other Degree Programs Introduction This paper is primarily about the Information Technology Department and how the Information Systems, the Computer Science Departments, and Computer Engineering courses relate to Information Technology. Each of these specialties has their similarities and differences to the Information Technology department. Georgia Southern University has a strong College of Information Technology, which offers three disciplines, which are the Computer Science Department, the Information Systems Department, and the Information Technology Department. Information Technology, according to the Information Technology handout in class, can best be defined by â€Å"The typically electronic tools and techniques for gathering, storing, manipulating, and analyzing, and communicating information† (â€Å"Information Technology† handout from Web CT pg 2). Information Technology technicians sometimes overlap with Computer Engineering, Information Systems, and Computer Science departments. Students wishing to major in Information Technology must take a second discipline. This builds knowledge in other areas as they pertain to Information Technology. There is an internship that students must take, but receive no credit. There are fewer maths, and less programming, and there are no business classes in this area of specialization unless the second discipline is a business course. The Information Technology curriculum overlaps Computer Science, and Information Systems curriculum. Information Technology majors graduate with a Bachelor s of Science degree. Computer Engineering is the designing and building of the hardware for the actual computer. Georgia Southern University has no specific degree for a Computer Engineer. They have several engineering programs in the School of Technology that students can get an engineering degree and go on to become a Computer Engineer. Computer Engineers take more math than Information Technology majors. The Information Technology majors must take a second discipline, while Computer Engineers majors do not have to take a second discipline. Computer Engineering majors graduate with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Information Systems primarily deals with business, and uses technology to enhance business and creates solutions for business. Increasingly there is a stronger bond between technology and business. The Information Systems technician understands that bond, and is able to translate for technology and business. Information Systems majors do not take any Information Technology classes. Information Systems has many more business classes than the Information Technology curriculum, which basically has no business classes. Information Systems graduate with a Bachelors of Business Administration, instead of a Bachelors of Science degree. Computer Science is primarily about programming. The Computer Science department takes many more programming classes, and puts strong emphasis on Java, which is a high level machine language.

Market Failure and Government Intervention :: Papers

Market Failure and Government Intervention This essay will examine the concept of market failure and the measures that governments take remedy the failure of the market. The concept of perfect market allocation of resources was in W. Baumol's (1988,631), view largly theroretical. Baumol believed that economic models relied upon the concept of the invisible hand first discussed by Adam Smith. In these models, the perfectly competetive economy was able to allocate resources efficiently, without the need for market intervention by outside agents, including governments. However, there were significant weaknesses in these models particuarly in the area of ensuring equity of acess, social objectives and in the provision of public goods. Ensuring equity of acess, meeting social objectives and providing public goods.were considered the main reasons why the public sector provided goods. Why governments intervened in the market was due mainly to charactoristics of the market place. If the market place was to function efficiently, several conditions needed to exsist, including, * Freedom of choice * Certainty of demand * Miniminal externalities * Excludability In addition to these prerequisites, the perfect market required perfect consumer and supplier information, no rent seeking behaviour and no moral hazard existed. If these conditions were not met, market mechanisms would fail to produce the efficient allocation of resources. P. Groenewegen (1990,2) argued that governments intervened in the market place with the, ... Public sector... being engaged in the providing sevices (and in some cases goods) whose scope and variety are determined not by the direct wishes of the consumers, but by the the decisions of government bodies. This view implies that governments intervene for many reasons, including the redistributional and stablisation functions. While market failure is one reason for intervention, other considerations, including questions of equity and social justice determined the nature and the extent of government intervention. This point was expanded upon by Groenewegen (1990,2) who argued that the extent of market intervention in the supply, distribution and redistibution of goods and services are not dictated by purly political and ideological considerations, other considerations may play a role including the failure of the market in certain instances to ensure efficient, equiable allocation of resources. Another reason why governments intervened in the market place was to ensure the provision of public goods. Public goods are generally comodities that are socially desiralbe but cannot be financed through the private sector. Market Failure and Government Intervention :: Papers Market Failure and Government Intervention This essay will examine the concept of market failure and the measures that governments take remedy the failure of the market. The concept of perfect market allocation of resources was in W. Baumol's (1988,631), view largly theroretical. Baumol believed that economic models relied upon the concept of the invisible hand first discussed by Adam Smith. In these models, the perfectly competetive economy was able to allocate resources efficiently, without the need for market intervention by outside agents, including governments. However, there were significant weaknesses in these models particuarly in the area of ensuring equity of acess, social objectives and in the provision of public goods. Ensuring equity of acess, meeting social objectives and providing public goods.were considered the main reasons why the public sector provided goods. Why governments intervened in the market was due mainly to charactoristics of the market place. If the market place was to function efficiently, several conditions needed to exsist, including, * Freedom of choice * Certainty of demand * Miniminal externalities * Excludability In addition to these prerequisites, the perfect market required perfect consumer and supplier information, no rent seeking behaviour and no moral hazard existed. If these conditions were not met, market mechanisms would fail to produce the efficient allocation of resources. P. Groenewegen (1990,2) argued that governments intervened in the market place with the, ... Public sector... being engaged in the providing sevices (and in some cases goods) whose scope and variety are determined not by the direct wishes of the consumers, but by the the decisions of government bodies. This view implies that governments intervene for many reasons, including the redistributional and stablisation functions. While market failure is one reason for intervention, other considerations, including questions of equity and social justice determined the nature and the extent of government intervention. This point was expanded upon by Groenewegen (1990,2) who argued that the extent of market intervention in the supply, distribution and redistibution of goods and services are not dictated by purly political and ideological considerations, other considerations may play a role including the failure of the market in certain instances to ensure efficient, equiable allocation of resources. Another reason why governments intervened in the market place was to ensure the provision of public goods. Public goods are generally comodities that are socially desiralbe but cannot be financed through the private sector.

Divorce and Its Effects on Children :: Divorce Children Marriage Kids Essays

Divorce in our society has become increasingly common. Fifty percent of all marriages will end in divorce and each year 2 million children are newly introduced to their parents separation, (French). Demographers predict that by the beginning of the next decade the majority of the youngsters under 18 will spend part of their childhood in single-parent families, many created by divorce. During this confusing period of turmoil and high emotional intensity, the child must attempt to understand a complex series of events, to restructure numerous assumptions and expectations about themselves and their world. He or she may be uprooted to a new school, city or neighborhood leaving their familiar social ties behind. They must often assume new household duties, possibly feel the financial loss and most importantly receive less support and nurturing from their parents. These are just a few implications of divorce but demonstrates how it changes the lives of children. Each child is unique, so the short and long term functioning of the children after divorce varies widely. Wallerstein and Kelly (1980) observed and interviewed parents and children three times in five years, and reported an estimate of one third of the children come out of divorce unharmed. Another one third function adequately, but experience difficulties, and the remaining one third have severe upsets in their developmental process. However the authors of the "Family in Transition", approach this finding with caution because the conclusions were made without comparing the children of two parent families. Never the less they do note there are overall trends in the functioning of children after divorce. The areas most often discussed are intellectual performance, juvenile delinquency and aggression, social and emotional well-being and cognition and perception, (A & J Skolnick p. 349). Most research shows that boys are more vulnerable than girls to divorce related stress and recover more slowly. A. and J. Skolnick offer the possibility that living with the opposite sex is more difficult than with the same sex and because the custodial parent is often the mother, boys are exposed to this situation more often. Another perspective is that girls are likely to be just as troubled by divorce as boys are, but demonstrate their feelings in a manner that is more appropriate to their sex role, namely by being anxious, withdrawn or very well behaved, (Kaslow and Schwartz p. 164). In examining the data on the factor of age influencing a child's adjustment to divorce, it seems that older and younger children at the time of separation experience different short term effects, but share commonalities in the long term effects.

How Different Approaches and Power of Leadership Manage Organizational Stress?

Affiliative leadership style is ineffective in complex challenges of an organization. As affiliative leadership refers to team building when a department re-organizes itself then no co-ordination in new members exists. Transformational leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems in organizational already working projects. Which consequence on management to reorganize the already done work that causes frustration and lack of compatibility in employees which in case increase stress in management. Negative leadership style of a manager can lead to low measures of organizational commitment of sub ordinates in their unorganized reports. Employees working under coercive managers are unlikely to be committed, and more likely to resist the manager, cause turnover of employees. When managers low consideration is given to organizational variables that influence the nature and impact of leadership. Management is effected by both internal and external factors . Internal factors conflicts, non-specific fears, fears of inadequacy, critical environment and diversification. External factors competition and threats . These factors effect the working environment, profitability, motivation of employees and organizational culture. Literature Review According to Erkutlu and chafra (2006) Bases of leader power and subordinate’s job stress are significantly related with each other. This literature suggest that individuals having power at various levels enforce job stress in hospitality industry. According to de Jong and hartog (2007) Among all 13 leadership behaviours one is so crucial and got little bit noticed from researchers. Leaders through idea generation and delebrate actions are fullfilng their duty by motivating employee’s innovative behaviour. In leading positions a connection seems between power and famininity which is different from that of western literature on leadership. So that sometimes females took advantage of their power in a negative way (Quader & oplatka 2008). With an international CEO and other significant’s interview, a distinct experience is extracted that shows no-one get relieve on the basis of gender discrimination (kakabadse, kakabadse, & lee-davies 2007). Result of this article shows that there are some common as well as different elements in both of the leaders. One consider himself that he can understand the learning problems and the other one about the teaching duties (Zhong & ehrich 2010). According to Hetzler and sebastian (2010)To enforce individuals to make unbiased decisions different changes have been made in procedures, structure and technology. A such enviornment is groomed in which humans and machines can interact with each other for better decision making. According to Fennel and Hope-Arlene (1999) This research gives a number of examples including: Organizationz in which power was given to women leaders, their will power to run school organizations and experience of those who work with them. To implement the ethics plan successfully it is necessary thet those plans must be practiced by organization’s stakeholders firstly. In an organization, to make certainity of ethics, strong planning is compulsory (Belak, duh, mulej, & strukelj 2010). System models were used to remove the hurdles, in an organization, towards its assessment. It is found that if more appropriate system models will use it will lead organization to superior results (Ambrozm & derencin 2010). The article shows that in market place the main logic of business is to have a good start-up of business and it will go on for long time. If more risk factor is involved it will result in higher profit. Boundries must be carefully chosen for the protection of core capital (Wasilewski & Michal 2010). According to Smith, Bruyns and Evans (2011) quantitative analysis of the stories to recognize many project managers’ optimism discussion that powerfuly effect IT project success. Futhermore, it was decided that IT project success was both positively and negatively effect stress. To improve the possibility of project success it was decided that IT project managers should have positive and based on reality level of optimism based on a highly approved project plan. While the project team should anticipate and willingly accept stress during the project , this shoul be carefully managed. As stress-related health-cost is more and more importance is attached on decreasing stress. Industries has identified the benefits of minimizing stress through increased productivity and decreased health-care costs. As worldwide competition increases , corporations who can teach their workers how to manage and control stress in positive side may well have find a strategic benefits (B. Donovan & H. Kleiner 1994). The conclusion of structural equation a example to disclose the following; job stress is the preceding of frustration, while frustration can to greater extent anticipate physiological stress for C-PMs; job stress is negatively connected only o their task performance; both frustration and physiological stress are negatively connected to their organizational proceedings; task performance goes positively to their interpersonal performance. Recommendations are given based on conclusions to increase their stress and performance level (Leung, Chan, & Dongyu 2011). According to Hede ( 2010) eliminate stress techniques are accepted for use by manager’s in practice to keep away from emotional reactivity and to manage stress. The TIME scale has five factors, and each has generaly approved internal firmness and test-retest accuracy. Time scale factors results were negatively connected with both turnover purpose and stress (Burt, et al 2010). According to Coffey, Dugdill and Tattersall ( 2009) Key Obstacle include major changes taking place within the organizations; staff are doubtful to management and showing doubt. deficiency of resources and difficulties in translating findings into actions. Key factors important for success includes: strong involvement from senior management, staff participation, realistic expectations,fullfilment of duties and time frames. According to Fevre, S. Kolt and Matheny (2006) There is little experiment to prove or disprove something on which organization based stress management interventions as first approaches. Secondary, individual-focused approaches be employed prior to the introduction of primary methodologies within a client organization. According to Donaldson-Feilde, Yarker and Lewis (2008) The manner of behaving or acting to recognize or establish as being a particular pers on or thing were grouped into a subject of discourse to create a framework of 19 management ‘‘competencies’’ for keep from occurring and minimizing stress at work. Level of recognize frustration is related to degree of recognize and understand stress and degree of to become aware stress is related to type of leadership employed by managers (S. Gill, B. Flaschner & Shachar 2006). It come forth into view or notices that individuals to change their ability to manage stress. Self perception, locus of control, behavioral designs or Styles and flexibility or inflexible and strict, all influence on stress management abilities (Treven & Potocan 2005). According to Yu and Miller (2005) In manufacturing industry the generational groups have different characteristics of work and require different styles of leadership and it is shown by research but in education sector there was no difference of work and style of generational group. The effects of these two types task –oriented and socio-emotional leadership is shown by this finding that the follower satisfied with this. To find interaction the product term method is used . interaction between pressure and support was nonsignificant (Casimir & Keith Ng 2010). According to Rohmann and Rowold (2009) Female leaders have more transformational behavior than male leaders and it is shown in four samples. Furthermore, female leaders were more effective and more satisfied than their counterparts. In the team and organization leadership style whether it is transformational , transactional or ambidextrous act as a strategic resource that has an operational effect in the learning development (Bucic, Robinson, & Ramburuth 2010). There is a misalignment in performance of organization due to the problem of climate and leadership style . t supports the third hypotheses partially and fully supports the fourth hypotheses (Haakonsson, Burton, Obel, & Lauridsen 2008). According to Awan and Mahmood (2010) The Professionals were not sensitive about the relationship of these three variables. A majority of professionals considered that there chief librarians had an autocratic leadership style, and they adopt bureaucratic culture and these are committed with thei r organizations and it shows that they are in the favor of result oriented culture. In public sector there is a tension between two aspects one is to revolution in bureaucracies because of improvements, innovation and high flexibility. And other is to maintain standards and procedures for better quality services. This study shows change in leadership style and organizational change (James, 2005). Employees’ job satisfaction depends upon the leadership style of managers. Nevertheless, participative management is not always a good management style. Managers should select the best leadership style according to the organizational culture and employees’ organizational maturity (Mosadegh Rad & Yarmohammadian, 2006). It is a path that provides support for some hypotheses. Strength of relationship between the leadership vision and two dimensions of organizational structure are effect due to predicted mediations. NFP’s scored higher on socially responsible culture orientation than FPs, while FPs scored higher on competitive culture orientation (Sarros, Cooper, & Santora, 2011). According toTabassi and Abu Bakar (2010)This research shows about leaders ‘different qualities and style such as leaders’ orientation with people, about their ask in effective way and their qualities which helps juniors to become efficient leader by going with their own decisions and work with employees empowerment. From the above literature review understand hypotheses were derived to analyze How Different approaches and power of Leadership Manage Organizational Stress? H1: Strong positive association of leadership style with stress management. H2: Strong positive association of leadership power with str ess management. H0: No strong positive association of leadership style with stress management. H0: No strong positive association of leadership POWER with stress management.